Classification, Pathogenesis, and Assessment of Obstructive Airway Disease (OAD) and Bronchiectasis

Types and Classification of Obstructive Airway Disease

Obstructive Airway Disease (OAD) refers to a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by airflow limitation due to airway obstruction. These conditions include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis.

1. Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. It results from airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, leading to reversible airway obstruction.

2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD is a progressive disease that causes persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities. It includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

3. Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent dilation of the bronchi due to recurrent infection or inflammation. It leads to excessive mucus production, recurrent infections, and impaired lung function.

Pathogenesis of Obstructive Airway Diseases

The pathogenesis of OAD varies based on the specific disease but commonly involves chronic inflammation, airway remodeling, and mucus hypersecretion.

Assessment and Diagnosis

Assessment includes clinical examination, pulmonary function tests, imaging (such as chest X-rays or CT scans), and laboratory tests to determine the severity and underlying causes.

Treatment Approaches

Management of OAD includes bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, antibiotics (for infections), and pulmonary rehabilitation.