Mechanism of Injury, Clinical Features, Investigations, and Management of Open Fractures

Introduction

Open fractures are bone injuries where the fractured bone is exposed to the external environment due to disruption of the surrounding soft tissue and skin.

Mechanism of Injury

Open fractures commonly occur due to high-energy trauma such as road accidents, falls, and industrial injuries.

Clinical Features

• Pain and deformity at the injury site
• Visible bone exposure
• Soft tissue damage and bleeding
• Possible neurovascular injury

Investigations

Essential diagnostic tools include X-rays, CT scans, and microbiological cultures to assess bone and soft tissue damage.

Management

Immediate Care

• Wound irrigation and debridement
• Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy
• Stabilization using splints or external fixators

Definitive Surgical Intervention

• Internal fixation techniques
• Soft tissue reconstruction
• Bone grafting if needed

Prevention and Management of Secondary Infections

• Strict aseptic techniques
• Regular wound assessment
• Long-term antibiotic therapy