Classification and Causes of Joint Pain

Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders

Joint pain is a prevalent condition affecting millions globally. Autoimmune and inflammatory disorders play a significant role in joint degeneration, leading to pain, stiffness, and mobility restrictions.

1. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Definition: An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the synovium (lining of joints).

Symptoms: Swelling, joint stiffness, fatigue, and deformities in chronic cases.

Causes: Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation.

2. Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE)

Definition: A systemic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs, including joints.

Symptoms: Joint inflammation, facial rash, fatigue, kidney issues, and cardiovascular involvement.

Causes: Genetics, hormonal influences, and environmental factors.

3. Spondyloarthropathies

Definition: A group of inflammatory joint diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis.

Symptoms: Spinal pain, joint stiffness, restricted mobility, and involvement of the eyes and skin.

Causes: Genetic factors (HLA-B27 gene), immune response dysregulation, and infections.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Diagnosis: Blood tests (RF, ANA), imaging (X-ray, MRI), physical examination.
• Treatment: NSAIDs, DMARDs, biologics, physiotherapy, and lifestyle modifications.

Conclusion

Understanding autoimmune and inflammatory disorders can help in early detection and management of joint pain. If persistent pain occurs, consulting a healthcare professional is essential.