Functional and Vascular Anatomy of the Brain

Cerebral Circulation and Venous Drainage

The brain's vascular network is a critical system that ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients while efficiently removing metabolic waste. Cerebral circulation is composed of arterial supply, venous drainage, and a protective blood-brain barrier.

Arterial Supply

The brain receives blood from two main arterial systems:

• Internal Carotid Arteries: Supply the anterior portion of the brain, including the cerebral cortex.
• Vertebral Arteries: Merge to form the basilar artery, supplying the brainstem and posterior cerebral circulation.

Venous Drainage

Venous drainage occurs via cerebral veins that empty into dural venous sinuses before reaching systemic circulation. Major venous pathways include:

• Superior Sagittal Sinus: Drains superficial cortical veins.
• Transverse and Sigmoid Sinuses: Collects blood from deep cerebral structures.
• Internal Jugular Veins: The final conduit for venous return to the heart.

Clinical Relevance

Disruptions in cerebral circulation can lead to conditions such as stroke, cerebral aneurysms, and venous thrombosis, impacting brain function.

Conclusion

Understanding cerebral circulation and venous drainage is essential for diagnosing and managing neurological diseases effectively.