Anatomical Structure of the Tooth: Cementum - Function in Tooth Attachment and Regeneration

Cementum is a specialized calcified tissue covering the root of the tooth, playing a crucial role in tooth attachment and regeneration. It serves as a medium for anchoring periodontal fibers, ensuring the stability of the tooth within the alveolar bone.

Structure and Composition of Cementum

Cementum is primarily composed of hydroxyapatite, collagen fibers, and non-collagenous proteins. It is classified into two types:

• Acellular Cementum: Found in the cervical portion of the root, responsible for tooth attachment.
• Cellular Cementum: Located in the apical region, involved in adaptive responses and regeneration.

Function in Tooth Attachment

Cementum plays a vital role in anchoring the tooth by providing a surface for the periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers to attach. These fibers extend from the cementum to the alveolar bone, maintaining tooth stability and absorbing occlusal forces.

Role in Tooth Regeneration

Cementum exhibits regenerative properties, aiding in periodontal repair. Growth factors within cementum stimulate cellular activity, promoting the regeneration of periodontal structures following injury or disease.

Clinical Significance

Understanding cementum's role is essential in periodontal therapy and regenerative dentistry. Techniques such as guided tissue regeneration (GTR) leverage cementum's regenerative potential to restore periodontal health.