Cellular and Humoral Components of the Immune System

The immune system is a highly intricate defense mechanism that safeguards the body against pathogens. It consists of cellular and humoral components working together to neutralize threats.

Cellular Immunity

Cellular immunity involves immune cells like T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. These cells identify and eliminate infected or abnormal cells.

• T Cells: Activated by antigens and coordinate the immune response.
• Macrophages: Engulf and digest pathogens.
• Dendritic Cells: Present antigens to T cells for immune activation.

Humoral Immunity

Humoral immunity refers to the production of antibodies by B cells to neutralize pathogens.

• Antibodies: Proteins that bind to antigens and mark them for destruction.
• B Cells: Differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies.

Regulation of Immune Responses

The immune system is tightly regulated through interactions between cellular and humoral immunity.

• Helper T cells enhance B cell activation.
• Regulatory T cells suppress excessive immune reactions.
• Cytokines mediate communication between immune components.