Causes of Corneal Blindness

Understanding Corneal Degenerations and Dystrophies

The cornea is a vital part of the eye responsible for clear vision. When affected by degenerations or dystrophies, it can lead to corneal blindness.

What is Corneal Blindness?

Corneal blindness occurs when the cornea loses its transparency due to various conditions, leading to impaired vision or complete blindness.

Causes of Corneal Blindness

Corneal Degenerations

• Keratoconus: A progressive thinning of the cornea causing visual distortion.
• Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy: A condition affecting corneal endothelial cells, leading to swelling and clouding.
• Terrien’s Marginal Degeneration: Peripheral corneal thinning that can result in vision loss.

Corneal Dystrophies

• Map-Dot-Fingerprint Dystrophy: Causes irregularities on the corneal surface, leading to discomfort and blurred vision.
• Lattice Dystrophy: Abnormal protein deposits in the cornea that impair vision.
• Granular Dystrophy: Small, opaque deposits that affect corneal transparency.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Corneal degenerations and dystrophies are diagnosed using slit-lamp examination, corneal topography, and genetic testing. Treatment options include specialty contact lenses, corneal transplantation, and advanced therapies like gene therapy.

Prevention and Management

While genetic predisposition plays a role, maintaining eye health with regular check-ups and protective measures can help manage early signs of corneal disease.