Causative Agents of Malaria and Filariasis

Lifecycle of Plasmodium and Its Transmission by Mosquitoes

Malaria and filariasis are mosquito-borne diseases that affect millions worldwide. Understanding their causative agents is crucial in combating their spread.

Malaria: The Role of Plasmodium

Introduction

Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, primarily Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. These parasites are transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.

Lifecycle of Plasmodium

• Sporozoites are injected into the bloodstream by an infected mosquito.
• Sporozoites travel to the liver, where they mature into schizonts.
• Schizonts release merozoites into the blood, infecting red blood cells.
• Gametocytes form and are ingested by another mosquito, continuing the cycle.

Filariasis: The Role of Filarial Worms

Introduction

Filariasis is caused by parasitic nematodes such as Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. These worms are transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily Culex, Anopheles, and Aedes species.

Lifecycle of Filarial Worms

• Larvae (microfilariae) are transmitted by mosquito bites.
• Microfilariae migrate to the lymphatic system, where they develop into adult worms.
• Adults reproduce, releasing more microfilariae into the bloodstream.
• Mosquitoes ingest microfilariae while feeding, propagating transmission.

Conclusion

Both malaria and filariasis are significant global health threats. Understanding their lifecycle and transmission helps in devising effective prevention strategies, including mosquito control and treatment interventions.