Hypertensive Heart Disease: Understanding Its Impact on Cardiac Health

Introduction

Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD) is a condition caused by prolonged high blood pressure (hypertension), leading to various heart complications.

Pathophysiology of Hypertensive Heart Disease

Impact of Hypertension on the Heart

• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH): Chronic pressure overload causes thickening of the ventricular walls.
• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Hypertension accelerates atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of ischemic events.
• Heart Failure: Persistent hypertension contributes to myocardial stiffness and reduced cardiac output.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Patients may present with shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves:

• Electrocardiography (ECG) for detecting LVH
• Echocardiography to assess heart structure
• Blood pressure monitoring

Management and Treatment

Medical Therapy

Antihypertensive medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers help control hypertension.

Lifestyle Modifications

• Low-sodium diet
• Regular exercise
• Weight management

Conclusion

Early detection and appropriate treatment can prevent severe cardiac complications caused by hypertensive heart disease.