Breast Carcinoma: Treatment Strategies

Breast carcinoma is one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide. Effective treatment strategies are essential to improving survival rates and the quality of life for patients.

Surgical Treatment

Surgical intervention remains the primary approach for localized breast carcinoma. The two main procedures are:

• Breast-conserving surgery (Lumpectomy): Removes the tumor while preserving the breast.
• Mastectomy: Involves complete removal of one or both breasts to prevent disease recurrence.

Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is often used post-surgery to eradicate residual cancer cells. The two primary methods include:

• External beam radiation therapy (EBRT): Targets cancer cells with high-energy rays.
• Brachytherapy: Places radioactive material inside the breast tissue for localized treatment.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is administered either preoperatively (neoadjuvant) to shrink tumors or postoperatively (adjuvant) to prevent recurrence. Common drug classes include:

• Anthracyclines: Such as doxorubicin, disrupt cancer cell replication.
• Taxanes: Including paclitaxel, inhibit cell division.
• Hormonal therapies: Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are used in hormone-receptor-positive cases.

Conclusion

Combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy enhances treatment efficacy for breast carcinoma. Tailoring therapies based on tumor subtype and patient response ensures optimal outcomes.