Boundaries and Recesses of the Lesser and Greater Sac

Anatomical Definition and Clinical Significance

The abdominal cavity is divided into several compartments that facilitate organ positioning and movement. Among these, the lesser sac (omental bursa) and greater sac play crucial roles in surgical and anatomical contexts.

Boundaries of the Lesser Sac

• Superior Boundary: Formed by the liver and diaphragm
• Inferior Boundary: Demarcated by the transverse mesocolon and pancreas
• Anterior Boundary: Bounded by the stomach and lesser omentum
• Posterior Boundary: Enclosed by the pancreas, kidney, and adrenal gland

Boundaries of the Greater Sac

• Superior Boundary: Defined by the diaphragm
• Inferior Boundary: Includes the pelvic cavity
• Anterior Boundary: Formed by the anterior abdominal wall and greater omentum
• Posterior Boundary: Includes the posterior abdominal wall and retroperitoneal structures

Recesses within the Lesser and Greater Sac

• Superior Recess: Located between the liver and diaphragm
• Inferior Recess: Lies below the stomach, extending towards the transverse colon
• Splenic Recess: Adjacent to the spleen
• Paracolic Recess: Found along the colonic edges

Clinical Significance

These compartments are pivotal in various pathological conditions. The lesser sac is particularly significant in cases of perforated gastric ulcers, pancreatic pseudocysts, and spread of intra-abdominal infections. Surgeons must consider these anatomical boundaries when performing procedures such as laparoscopic surgeries and omental resection.