Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are essential diagnostic procedures in pathology used to evaluate hematologic disorders. These techniques provide critical insights into bone marrow function and the presence of diseases such as leukemia, anemia, and infections.

Procedure Techniques for Biopsy

Preparation

Prior to the procedure, the patient undergoes a thorough clinical evaluation to determine the necessity of the biopsy. Local anesthesia is administered to minimize discomfort.

Aspiration Technique

• A sterile needle is inserted into the bone (typically the iliac crest or sternum).
• Bone marrow is aspirated using a syringe for examination.
• Samples are processed for cytological and molecular analysis.

Biopsy Technique

• A specialized biopsy needle extracts a core sample of bone marrow tissue.
• The sample is preserved for histopathological assessment.
• Microscopic evaluation determines abnormalities in bone marrow architecture.

Post-Procedure Care

Patients are monitored for potential complications such as bleeding or infection. Proper wound care and post-procedural follow-up are essential for ensuring recovery.

Applications in Pathology

Bone marrow examination is crucial for diagnosing hematologic malignancies, assessing bone marrow cellularity, and detecting infections or metastatic diseases.