Anatomy, Blood Supply, and Nerve Supply of the External Ear

Overview

The external ear consists of the auricle (pinna) and the external acoustic meatus. Its primary function is to collect sound waves and direct them toward the tympanic membrane.

Blood Supply of the External Ear

Arterial Supply

The arterial supply to the external ear originates from branches of the external carotid artery:

• Posterior Auricular Artery: Supplies the posterior part of the auricle.
• Superficial Temporal Artery: Contributes to the vascularization of the auricle.
• Occipital Artery: Provides minor supply to the posterior auricular region.

Venous Drainage

Venous drainage corresponds to the arterial supply:

• The superficial temporal vein and posterior auricular vein drain into the external jugular vein.
• Minor contributions come from the occipital vein.

Nerve Supply of the External Ear

Sensory Innervation

The sensory innervation of the external ear is provided by several nerves:

• Great Auricular Nerve: Supplies the majority of the external ear and auricle.
• Auriculotemporal Nerve: Branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3), innervates the anterior auricle.
• Lesser Occipital Nerve: Innervates the superior and posterior parts of the auricle.
• Vagus Nerve (Auricular Branch): Provides minor sensory contribution to the external auditory meatus.

Conclusion

The external ear plays an essential role in hearing. Its vascular and neural anatomy ensures proper functionality and responsiveness to external stimuli.