Biochemical Factors in the Pathophysiology of Anemia and Jaundice

Introduction

Anemia and jaundice are medical conditions with significant biochemical implications. Both conditions often arise due to enzymatic deficiencies that contribute to hemolysis, leading to systemic effects.

Role of Enzymatic Deficiencies

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency

G6PD deficiency is a genetic disorder affecting red blood cell metabolism, leading to hemolysis when exposed to oxidative stressors.

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

Pyruvate kinase plays a crucial role in glycolysis. Its deficiency leads to impaired ATP production in red blood cells, resulting in hemolytic anemia.

Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia and Jaundice

Hemolysis leads to excessive bilirubin production, overwhelming hepatic conjugation mechanisms and causing jaundice.

Diagnosis and Management

• Blood tests to identify enzyme deficiencies
• Genetic testing for hereditary causes
• Supportive treatment and avoidance of oxidative triggers

Conclusion

Understanding enzymatic deficiencies provides insight into managing hemolytic anemia and jaundice effectively.