Benign Vocal Cord Lesions: Polyps - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Introduction

Vocal cord polyps are benign lesions that arise due to phonotrauma or inflammatory conditions, affecting voice quality.

Pathophysiology

Polyps develop due to excessive mechanical stress leading to localized edema and fibrin deposition.

Etiological Factors

• Vocal abuse (excessive shouting, singing)
• Smoking and environmental irritants
• Chronic laryngitis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic evaluation includes:

• Laryngoscopy: Direct visualization of polyps
• Videostroboscopy: Assess vibratory characteristics of vocal folds
• Histopathology: Confirms benign nature

Management

Conservative Treatment

• Voice therapy: Reduces strain and promotes healing
• Smoking cessation: Prevents recurrence
• Anti-inflammatory medications: Reduces swelling

Surgical Intervention

• Microlaryngoscopic excision: Gold standard for persistent polyps
• Laser therapy: Minimally invasive removal

Prognosis and Prevention

Early intervention ensures optimal voice recovery. Preventive measures include vocal hygiene and avoidance of irritants.