Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Diagnosis and Diagnostic Criteria

Introduction

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men, characterized by the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. This leads to urinary symptoms due to the compression of the urethra.

Clinical Presentation

• Urinary frequency and urgency
• Weak or intermittent urine stream
• Difficulty in initiating urination
• Nocturia (frequent nighttime urination)
• Post-void dribbling

Diagnostic Criteria

Medical History and Physical Examination

A thorough medical history and digital rectal examination (DRE) are essential initial steps in diagnosing BPH.

Laboratory Investigations

• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: To rule out prostate cancer.
• Urinalysis: To exclude infections or hematuria.

Imaging Studies

• Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): Provides detailed images of the prostate.
• Bladder Ultrasound: Measures post-void residual urine volume.

Urodynamic Studies

Urodynamic testing helps assess bladder function and urinary flow rates.

Conclusion

Accurate diagnosis of BPH requires a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Early identification ensures effective management and improves quality of life.