Appropriate Diagnostic Workup Based on the Presumed Etiology of Anemia

Introduction

Anemia is a common condition characterized by a reduction in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen transport throughout the body. Diagnosing anemia requires assessing its underlying cause, and iron studies play a crucial role in this process.

Iron Studies in Anemia Diagnosis

Iron studies help identify deficiencies or overloads in iron metabolism. The key parameters include:

• Serum Ferritin: A marker of iron stores. Low levels indicate iron deficiency, while high levels may suggest inflammation or iron overload.
• Serum Iron: Measures the circulating iron in the bloodstream.
• Transferrin Saturation: Represents the proportion of iron-binding sites on transferrin occupied by iron.
• Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC): Reflects the capacity of transferrin to bind iron.

Interpreting Iron Study Results

Iron Deficiency Anemia

• Low serum ferritin
• Low serum iron
• High TIBC
• Low transferrin saturation

Anemia of Chronic Disease

• Normal or high serum ferritin
• Low serum iron
• Low TIBC
• Low transferrin saturation

Conclusion

Iron studies are essential in diagnosing anemia and distinguishing between different types. Physicians use these markers to tailor appropriate treatment strategies.