Applied anatomy and disease management of the biliary system
Pathophysiology of gallstones and cholecystitis
This article explores the anatomy and disease management of the biliary system, focusing on gallstones and cholecystitis. It covers pathophysiology, symptoms, and treatment options.
Applied Anatomy and Disease Management of the Biliary System
Pathophysiology of Gallstones and Cholecystitis
The biliary system, comprising the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts, plays a crucial role in digestion by producing, storing, and transporting bile. Any dysfunction in this system can lead to gallstone formation and cholecystitis.
Understanding Gallstones
Formation and Composition
Gallstones are crystalline deposits that form in the gallbladder due to imbalances in bile composition. They primarily consist of cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts.
Risk Factors
- High cholesterol levels
- Obesity
- Rapid weight loss
- Genetic predisposition
Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the Gallbladder
Causes
Cholecystitis occurs when gallstones obstruct the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation. Bacterial infections can exacerbate the condition.
Symptoms
- Severe abdominal pain
- Fever
- Nausea and vomiting
- Jaundice in severe cases
Management and Treatment
Medical and Surgical Approaches
Gallstones can be managed conservatively with medications or dietary modifications. However, severe cases require laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal).
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