Antifungal Therapy: Classification of Antifungal Agents

Antifungal therapy is crucial in treating fungal infections, which can range from superficial skin infections to systemic life-threatening diseases. Understanding the classification of antifungal agents is vital for effective treatment.

Classification of Antifungal Agents

1. Polyenes

These drugs work by binding to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, causing leakage and cell death. Examples include:

• Amphotericin B
• Nystatin

2. Azoles

Azoles inhibit fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes, disrupting ergosterol synthesis. They are classified into:

• Imidazoles (e.g., Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole)
• Triazoles (e.g., Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole)

3. Echinocandins

These agents inhibit β-glucan synthesis, essential for fungal cell wall integrity. Examples include:

• Caspofungin
• Micafungin
• Anidulafungin

4. Allylamines

They block squalene epoxidase, preventing ergosterol synthesis. Examples:

• Terbinafine
• Naftifine

5. Other Antifungals

Includes miscellaneous agents like:

• Flucytosine - interferes with fungal DNA synthesis
• Griseofulvin - disrupts fungal mitotic spindle formation

Conclusion

Antifungal agents are diverse and target various fungal processes. Proper selection is critical to effective treatment, ensuring minimal resistance and optimal patient outcomes.