Understanding Thrombosis, Infarction, and Aneurysm

Aneurysm: Definition, Classification, Risk Factors, and Complications

An aneurysm is a localized dilation of a blood vessel due to a weakness in the vessel wall. It can occur in arteries throughout the body, including the brain (cerebral aneurysms), aorta (aortic aneurysms), and peripheral arteries.

Classification of Aneurysms

• Saccular Aneurysm: A sac-like outpouching on one side of the vessel.
• Fusiform Aneurysm: A circumferential dilation involving the entire vessel wall.
• Dissecting Aneurysm: Caused by blood entering the arterial wall layers due to a tear.

Risk Factors

Several conditions can predispose individuals to aneurysm formation, including:

• Hypertension
• Atherosclerosis
• Genetic disorders (e.g., Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)
• Smoking
• Age (greater incidence in older populations)

Complications

Aneurysms can lead to life-threatening complications, such as:

• Rupture, causing hemorrhage
• Thrombosis, leading to ischemia
• Compression of adjacent structures

Early detection through imaging modalities and prompt medical or surgical intervention can prevent adverse outcomes.