Anatomy of Male and Female Genitalia

Introduction

The human reproductive system consists of male and female genitalia, each uniquely designed for reproductive functions. Understanding the structural and functional differences is essential in obstetrics and gynecology.

Male Genitalia

External Structures

• Penis: Composed of the glans, shaft, and erectile tissue essential for reproductive and urinary functions.
• Scrotum: Houses the testes, regulating temperature for sperm production.

Internal Structures

• Testes: Produce sperm and testosterone.
• Vas deferens: Conducts sperm from the testes to the urethra.
• Prostate gland: Produces seminal fluid enhancing sperm motility.

Female Genitalia

External Structures

• Vulva: Includes the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vaginal opening.
• Clitoris: Contains sensory nerve endings, playing a role in sexual arousal.

Internal Structures

• Ovaries: Produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
• Fallopian tubes: Facilitate egg transport to the uterus.
• Uterus: Supports fetal development during pregnancy.
• Vagina: Serves reproductive and childbirth functions.

Structural and Functional Differences

While male genitalia primarily function in sperm production and delivery, female genitalia facilitate egg production, fertilization, and pregnancy. Hormonal regulation differs significantly between the sexes, influencing reproductive and secondary sexual characteristics.

Conclusion

Understanding the anatomy of male and female genitalia is crucial in medical fields like gynecology and urology. These differences define reproductive health and guide clinical treatments.