Anatomy and Physiology of the Thyroid Gland

Borders and Surfaces of the Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland, a vital endocrine organ, is located in the anterior neck and plays a crucial role in metabolism and hormonal regulation.

Boundaries of the Thyroid Gland

• Superior Border: Corresponds to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx.
• Inferior Border: Extends down to the fifth or sixth tracheal ring.
• Lateral Borders: Lie adjacent to the carotid sheath and neurovascular structures.

Surfaces of the Thyroid Gland

• Anterolateral Surface: Covered by the sternothyroid, sternohyoid, and superior belly of the omohyoid muscles.
• Posterior Surface: In close proximity to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands.
• Medial Surface: Faces the trachea, esophagus, and larynx.

Physiological Importance

The anatomical positioning of the thyroid gland is crucial for its function, ensuring optimal interaction with neural and vascular structures while facilitating hormone secretion.