Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleura

Nerve Supply of the Pleura

The pleura, a vital membrane enveloping the lungs, is innervated by distinct nerve pathways that regulate sensation and function.

Somatic Nerve Supply

The parietal pleura is richly supplied by somatic nerves, which make it highly sensitive to pain.

• Intercostal Nerves: Innervate the costal pleura and peripheral diaphragmatic pleura.
• Phrenic Nerve: Provides sensory innervation to the mediastinal pleura and the central diaphragmatic pleura.

Autonomic Nerve Supply

The visceral pleura lacks somatic nerve supply but is innervated by autonomic fibers.

• Pulmonary Plexus: Derived from vagus nerve (parasympathetic) and sympathetic nerves, regulating physiological responses.

Clinical Significance

Disruptions in pleural nerve function can lead to pleuritic pain, dyspnea, or referred pain symptoms due to diaphragmatic irritation.