Anatomy and Function of the Nasal Septum and Lateral Wall of the Nose

Introduction

The nasal septum and lateral wall of the nose are fundamental structures in human anatomy, playing a critical role in respiratory function, filtration, and olfaction.

Structural Composition of the Nasal Septum

The nasal septum is a partition that divides the nasal cavity into two halves. It consists of:

Bone: The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer.
Cartilage: The quadrilateral cartilage, providing flexibility.
Membranous and vestibular portions: Located anteriorly, contributing to nasal structure.

Function of the Nasal Septum

The nasal septum serves multiple functions:

Airflow regulation: Maintains smooth passage of air through the nasal cavity.
Support for nasal structure: Provides stability and shape.
Filtration and humidification: Assists in conditioning inhaled air.

Anatomy of the Lateral Wall of the Nose

The lateral wall of the nose is characterized by three key structures:

Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae: Bony projections that enhance air turbulence.
Meatuses: Spaces beneath each concha that facilitate air drainage and circulation.
Blood supply: Derived from branches of the facial, maxillary, and ophthalmic arteries.

Function of the Lateral Wall

The lateral wall contributes significantly to nasal physiology:

Filtration of particles: Traps dust and pathogens.
Temperature and humidity regulation: Helps moisten and warm inhaled air.
Olfactory reception: Supports the sense of smell.

Clinical Relevance

Understanding the nasal septum and lateral wall is essential for diagnosing and managing conditions like septal deviation, sinusitis, and nasal polyps.