Anatomy and Function of the Nasal Septum and Lateral Wall of the Nose

Introduction

The nasal septum and lateral wall of the nose play a crucial role in respiration, filtration, and humidification of inhaled air. Understanding their anatomy and blood supply is essential for otorhinolaryngologists.

Anatomy of the Nasal Septum

The nasal septum is a structure that divides the nasal cavity into two halves. It consists of three main components:

• Cartilaginous Part: The septal cartilage forms the anterior section.
• Bony Part: Formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer.
• Membranous Part: Located at the front, near the nostrils.

Anatomy of the Lateral Wall of the Nose

The lateral wall contains several essential structures:

• Nasal Conchae (Turbinates): Superior, middle, and inferior conchae are curved bony projections that aid in air humidification.
• Meatuses: Spaces beneath the conchae that facilitate drainage of paranasal sinuses.
• Nasolacrimal Duct: Drains tears into the nasal cavity.

Blood Supply to the Nasal Septum and Lateral Wall

Blood supply to these structures comes from both internal and external carotid arteries:

Arterial Supply

• Internal Carotid System: Branches of the ophthalmic artery (anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries).
• External Carotid System: Includes branches from the facial artery, maxillary artery (sphenopalatine artery), and greater palatine artery.

Venous Drainage

Venous drainage primarily occurs through the pterygoid venous plexus, facial vein, and cavernous sinus.

Conclusion

Understanding the anatomy and blood supply of the nasal septum and lateral wall aids in diagnosing and managing various ENT disorders.