Anatomy and Function of the Coronary Arteries

Major Branches of the Coronary Arteries

The coronary arteries are vital blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. They originate from the ascending aorta and branch into multiple smaller arteries that ensure adequate perfusion to the myocardium.

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

The RCA supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, and portions of the conduction system. Major branches of the RCA include:

• Posterior descending artery (PDA): Supplies the inferior portion of the heart.
• Right marginal artery: Provides blood to the lateral right ventricle.
• Sinus node artery: Supplies the sinoatrial (SA) node.

Left Coronary Artery (LCA)

The LCA splits into two primary branches:

• Left anterior descending artery (LAD): Responsible for perfusing the anterior myocardium, interventricular septum, and apex.
• Left circumflex artery (LCx): Wraps around the heart to supply the left atrium and lateral left ventricle.

Clinical Importance

Blockage or narrowing of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis can lead to ischemic heart disease, angina, or myocardial infarction. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are common treatments for obstructed arteries.