Anatomy and Function of the Conducting System of the Heart

Introduction

The human heart relies on an intrinsic electrical system to regulate rhythm and ensure effective circulation. This specialized conduction system initiates and propagates electrical impulses, maintaining synchronized cardiac function.

Parts of the Conducting System of the Heart

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Known as the heart’s natural pacemaker, the SA node is located in the right atrium and initiates electrical impulses at a rate of approximately 60-100 beats per minute.

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

The AV node serves as a relay station, slowing down the electrical signal before transmitting it to the ventricles. This delay ensures adequate ventricular filling.

Bundle of His

The bundle of His conducts impulses from the AV node to the ventricles, ensuring coordinated contraction. It further divides into right and left bundle branches.

Purkinje Fibers

These fibers distribute electrical impulses throughout the ventricles, triggering rapid and synchronized contractions essential for effective cardiac output.

Function and Importance

• Maintains rhythmic heartbeat essential for circulation.
• Ensures proper synchronization between atria and ventricles.
• Prevents arrhythmias and irregular contractions.

Clinical Significance

Dysfunction in the cardiac conduction system can lead to arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation or heart block, requiring medical intervention like pacemakers or ablation therapy.