Anatomy and Function of Intercostal Muscles

Attachments and Origins of Intercostal Muscles

The intercostal muscles are crucial for respiratory function, residing between the ribs. They are categorized into three distinct layers: external intercostals, internal intercostals, and innermost intercostals. These muscles work synergistically to facilitate breathing by altering the thoracic cavity's dimensions.

External Intercostal Muscles

Originating from the lower border of the rib above and inserting onto the upper border of the rib below, external intercostals play a pivotal role in inspiration by elevating the ribs.

Internal Intercostal Muscles

These muscles originate from the superior border of the rib below and insert onto the inferior border of the rib above, primarily aiding in forced expiration by depressing the ribs.

Innermost Intercostal Muscles

Functionally similar to the internal intercostals, the innermost intercostal muscles add reinforcement in reducing thoracic volume during exhalation.

Clinical Significance

Intercostal muscle dysfunction can result in respiratory distress, often seen in conditions like rib fractures, neuromuscular disorders, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Conclusion

Understanding the anatomical and functional aspects of intercostal muscles is essential for diagnosing and managing respiratory conditions effectively.