Anatomy and Function of Intercostal Muscles

Introduction

The intercostal muscles play a crucial role in respiration, aiding in the movement of the rib cage to facilitate breathing. They are located between the ribs and consist of three layers: external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, and innermost intercostal muscles.

Structure of Intercostal Muscles

External Intercostal Muscles

These muscles run obliquely from the lower edge of one rib to the upper edge of the rib below. They assist in the expansion of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.

Internal Intercostal Muscles

Located beneath the external intercostal muscles, they run in the opposite direction and help in forced expiration by reducing the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Innermost Intercostal Muscles

These are the deepest layer of intercostal muscles and have similar functions to the internal intercostal muscles but provide additional support.

Function of Intercostal Muscles

• Facilitates respiration by controlling rib movement.
• Stabilizes the rib cage during different breathing phases.
• Protects and supports the thoracic organs.

Clinical Significance

Intercostal muscle strain can occur due to excessive physical activity, leading to pain and difficulty in breathing. Medical imaging and physical examination help diagnose intercostal muscle injuries.