Anatomical Features of the Internal Ear

Auditory and Vestibular Functions of the Internal Ear

The internal ear, also known as the inner ear, plays a critical role in auditory and vestibular functions. It consists of intricate structures responsible for hearing and balance.

Structure of the Internal Ear

The internal ear is located within the temporal bone and comprises two main parts:

• Cochlea: Responsible for sound perception through sensory hair cells.
• Vestibular System: Maintains equilibrium and spatial orientation.

Cochlear Function and Sound Perception

The cochlea contains the organ of Corti, which translates sound waves into neural signals. These signals travel via the auditory nerve to the brain, allowing auditory perception.

Vestibular System and Balance Control

The vestibular system includes semicircular canals and otolith organs, detecting head movements and gravitational force to maintain balance and coordination.

Clinical Relevance

Disorders affecting the internal ear include vertigo, Meniere’s disease, and sensorineural hearing loss. Diagnosis and treatment often involve audiological assessments and vestibular rehabilitation.