Anatomical Features of the Scapula – Borders, Angles, and Surface Markings

The scapula, commonly known as the shoulder blade, is a triangular-shaped bone that connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton. It plays a vital role in shoulder mobility and stability.

Borders of the Scapula

• Superior Border: The upper edge of the scapula, which contains the suprascapular notch.
• Medial Border: Also known as the vertebral border, this extends parallel to the spine.
• Lateral Border: Also referred to as the axillary border, it is the thickest part of the scapula.

Angles of the Scapula

• Superior Angle: Located where the superior and medial borders meet.
• Inferior Angle: The lowest point of the scapula, crucial for upward rotation.
• Lateral Angle: Contains the glenoid cavity, which articulates with the humerus.

Surface Markings of the Scapula

• Spine of the Scapula: A prominent ridge that divides the posterior surface into the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae.
• Acromion Process: An extension of the spine that forms the highest point of the shoulder.
• Coracoid Process: A hook-like projection serving as an attachment for several muscles.
• Glenoid Cavity: A shallow depression that articulates with the humerus, forming the shoulder joint.

The scapula plays a crucial role in shoulder mechanics, acting as a base for muscular attachments and facilitating movement.