Anatomical Basis of Flatfoot and Clubfoot

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Flatfoot

Flatfoot (pes planus) is a condition characterized by the flattening of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. It can be congenital or acquired and may be flexible or rigid.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Genetic predisposition
• Ligament laxity
• Neuromuscular disorders
• Obesity
• Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction

Clinical Presentation

Patients with flatfoot may experience:

• Pain in the medial arch and ankle
• Reduced arch height
• Excessive pronation
• Difficulty walking or standing for extended periods

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of flatfoot involves physical examination and imaging:

• Physical Examination: Observing foot structure and gait pattern
• Radiological Assessment: X-rays to evaluate arch height and alignment
• MRI: Useful for assessing soft tissue abnormalities