Anatomical Basis of Complications of Fracture of the Neck of the Femur

Impact on Hip Joint Stability and Function

The fracture of the neck of the femur is a critical orthopedic injury, often seen in elderly patients due to osteoporosis and in young individuals following high-impact trauma.

Anatomy of the Femoral Neck

The femoral neck is the bridge between the femoral head and shaft, playing a crucial role in load transmission and hip joint mobility.

• Blood supply: The femoral neck is supplied by the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries. Disruption can lead to avascular necrosis.
• Muscular attachments: Important stabilizers include the iliopsoas and gluteal muscles.
• Biomechanics: Acts as a pivot for hip movement and weight-bearing.

Complications of Femoral Neck Fracture

Fractures here can have severe consequences due to anatomical and vascular challenges.

• Avascular Necrosis (AVN): Due to compromised blood supply, leading to femoral head collapse.
• Nonunion: Poor healing due to mechanical stress and inadequate fixation.
• Osteoarthritis: Degenerative changes post-fracture affecting joint function.
• Hip Instability: Loss of support leading to dislocations.

Management Strategies

Proper intervention is key to preventing complications.

• Conservative Treatment: Reserved for non-displaced fractures, involving immobilization.
• Surgical Management: Includes fixation with screws or total hip replacement.
• Rehabilitation: Physical therapy to restore strength and mobility.

Conclusion

A fractured femoral neck is a serious condition requiring timely management. Understanding its anatomical basis aids in reducing complications and optimizing recovery.