Anatomical Basis of Clinical Features of Erb's Palsy and Klumpke's Paralysis

Introduction

Erb's palsy and Klumpke's paralysis are two distinct forms of brachial plexus injuries affecting upper limb function. Understanding the anatomical basis of these conditions is critical for effective treatment and rehabilitation strategies.

Anatomical Basis

Erb's Palsy

Erb's palsy results from injury to the upper brachial plexus (C5-C6 roots). This leads to weakness in the deltoid, biceps, and brachialis muscles, causing a characteristic 'waiter's tip' posture.

Klumpke's Paralysis

Klumpke's paralysis involves the lower brachial plexus (C8-T1 roots), leading to paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles and wrist flexors. It can be associated with Horner's syndrome if sympathetic fibers are involved.

Clinical Features

• Erb's Palsy: Weak shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, and forearm supination.
• Klumpke's Paralysis: Claw hand deformity and possible ptosis and miosis.

Treatment Modalities

Treatment includes physiotherapy, splinting, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and surgical interventions in severe cases.

Rehabilitation Strategies

Early rehabilitation is vital to prevent muscle atrophy and joint contractures. Specific exercises target affected muscles to restore function.