Commonly performed laboratory tests for assessing kidney, liver, thyroid, and adrenal gland function
Adrenal function tests: Cortisol levels, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)
Adrenal function tests, including cortisol levels, ACTH stimulation, and DHEA-S, help diagnose adrenal disorders like Cushing’s syndrome and Addison’s disease.
Commonly Performed Laboratory Tests for Adrenal Function Assessment
The adrenal glands play a crucial role in hormone regulation, influencing metabolism, immune response, and stress adaptation. Laboratory tests are essential for evaluating adrenal function and diagnosing disorders such as Addison's disease and Cushing’s syndrome.
Adrenal Function Tests
Cortisol Levels
Cortisol is the primary glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Blood and saliva tests measure cortisol levels at different times of the day to assess adrenal activity.
ACTH Stimulation Test
The ACTH stimulation test helps diagnose adrenal insufficiency by measuring the adrenal glands' response to synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). A lack of response suggests impaired adrenal function.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) Test
DHEA-S is an androgen precursor produced by the adrenal cortex. Measuring DHEA-S levels aids in evaluating adrenal function and detecting disorders such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Clinical Significance
- High cortisol levels: Indicate Cushing's syndrome, excessive stress, or certain tumors.
- Low cortisol levels: Suggest Addison’s disease, adrenal insufficiency, or pituitary dysfunction.
- Abnormal DHEA-S levels: Can indicate adrenal tumors or hormonal imbalances.
Conclusion
Adrenal function tests play a vital role in diagnosing and monitoring adrenal disorders. Proper interpretation of these tests ensures effective management and treatment of endocrine-related conditions.