Acute vs. Chronic Iridocyclitis: Understanding the Differences

Introduction

Iridocyclitis, also known as anterior uveitis, is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris and the ciliary body. Understanding the distinction between acute and chronic iridocyclitis is crucial for proper diagnosis and management.

Etiology and Risk Factors

Acute Iridocyclitis

• Often associated with infections such as viral (herpes simplex) or bacterial causes (syphilis, tuberculosis).
• Can be triggered by trauma or post-surgical complications.
• Systemic conditions like ankylosing spondylitis or reactive arthritis may contribute.

Chronic Iridocyclitis

• Frequently linked to autoimmune diseases like juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or sarcoidosis.
• Prolonged inflammation leading to complications like cataracts or glaucoma.
• May occur in response to prolonged exposure to environmental irritants.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Patients with acute iridocyclitis typically experience sudden eye pain, redness, photophobia, and blurred vision. Chronic iridocyclitis may have a milder onset with intermittent symptoms.

Diagnostic approaches include slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement, and relevant laboratory tests to identify underlying causes.

Treatment and Management

Management depends on etiology:

• Acute Iridocyclitis: Short-term corticosteroids, cycloplegic agents, and addressing infections.
• Chronic Iridocyclitis: Long-term immunosuppressive therapy, NSAIDs, and close monitoring for complications.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis and appropriate management of iridocyclitis are essential to prevent vision-threatening complications. Regular ophthalmologic evaluations help mitigate long-term consequences.